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Amazing article about tax and hourly charge

Originally from http://locusdementia.blogspot.com/2006_01_01_archive.html

The Taxorporation

As a business owner, I am privy to knowing tax law and loopholes. In my best understanding of taxation, though, I’ve found that its sole purpose is to encourage spending. Governments can’t continuously distribute cash to the masses, so it relies upon taxation to encourage its citizens to spend their cash and thereby reduce their tax burden. That’s a clever use of taxes by the government, for sure, but something else is going on with taxation in the modern world.

The Romans levied taxes on their citizenry as a “tribute” to being Roman, and to pay for their protection by the Roman Guard. During the time of Romans, and the medieval era, there were no nifty accounting systems that allowed us to track where money was exchanged. Sure, the Incans and Chinese were tying knots on ropes as their financial records, but there was no historical archive or traceability. That meant levying taxes on the individual at a fixed rate, based upon their assets. Good thing we don’t do that anymore otherwise most of California would be broke paying their property taxes.

In the modern world, though, we have a variety of taxes. There is sales tax on sold goods, value-added tax on services, tax on your income, and extra tax on those vice-related items, such as cigarettes, alcohol, and gasoline. Then you have municipal taxes for business, property taxes for homes, and capital gains taxes on your investments. Phew! Everywhere you turn there is a tax, and they keep going up.

Even though there are lots of little taxes here and there, the biggest, and most invisible tax, is the income tax. The income tax serves one purpose: to remove money from the economy and prevent devaluation of the currency. This is a good practice for the economy, but really doesn’t do much good for the people who do the most spending. The poorest people in the economy are those that have the highest amount of cash flow. At the end of their money cycle, they have nearly zero residual. It’s these very people who suffer the most double taxation in the economy because of their spending.

Considering income tax, first we have to identify what income tax really is. Income is when money is given to you in exchange for a good or service. The government levies its income tax on that amount given to you. Let’s say you are paid $1 for working and the government levies a 23% tax on that income, so you really have $0.77. You don’t just stop with that $1 and put it in the bank, right? You have to pay your rent, which is $0.10, then your car payment, which is $0.05, and then groceries, which is $0.15, and your credit card interest, which is $0.07, and then gasoline to commute to your $1 paying job, which is $0.06. Let’s add all of that up:

$1 – $0.23 – $0.10 – $0.15 – $0.05 – $0.07 – $0.06 = $0.34

So where did your employer get that $1 to pay you? Let’s say you work at the local gas station. That $1 they pay you comes from the $0.06 you pay them. Well, you and 25,000 other people in your community. The gas station counts that $0.06 as income to itself and has to pay tax on it as well. Fortunately for the gas station, though, it gets to DEDUCT your $1 from its income before computing its tax burden. That doesn’t seem very fair. Let’s take a look at the gas station.

They start out with buying gasoline, which is called COST OF GOOD SOLD (COGS). This is a big deduction for them because it’s income to their supplier. Hmmm, interesting how they get to deduct that from their income, but you don’t. Next, they have their payroll expense, which is that $1 paid to you, which is another deduction. The list goes on for business deductions because they get to deduct outflow that is counted as income to other entities. Their final tax would look something like the following, considering a $0.01 sales tax, $0.02 for COGS, and $0.0015 for payroll:

($0.06 – $0.02 – $0.01 – $0.0015) * 33% = $0.0094

Yet, here you are, paying income tax on $1, which includes the $0.06 that is paid to the gas station as income. That really means YOU are paying the income tax burden for the business, and the business pays another income tax on the $0.06 you paid to it. This is double taxation on your income.

Imagine if you could play like a business and deduct your outflows that are income to your suppliers. What would your tax burden look like?

($1 – $0.10 – $0.15 – $0.05 – $0.07 – $0.06) * 23% = TAX

How much is that? I compute this to be about $0.13, which is significantly less than the $0.23 computed against the $1. Since you are actually reporting a net income of $0.57, your tax bracket would likely go down to something like 15%. That would further reduce your tax burden to $0.09! The new tax figure is a whopping 60% less than the double-taxation figure. Imagine what you could do with an additional 60% of cash in your pocket? You could buy that Maserati that you’ve always wanted!

Anytime you purchase a good or service from a business or person, you should be able to deduct it from your operating income. That way, the final person left holding the dollar will pay the tax for holding that dollar. In this way, the people who spend the most money and contribute the most to the economy will be the ones who pay the least amount of tax. Best of all, the government will only levy a tax on the current cash in the economy, rather than phantom cash from antiquated tax policies.

MONDAY, JANUARY 23, 2006

Consulting 101

Many of my friends are asking me how to become a consultant. The conversation always starts out as “so how much do I charge?” To that, of course, I always answer “whatever you think that you are worth.” That answer usually gets me a troubled look and a little giggle. It wasn’t until recently that I finally got smart and decided to come up with a formula to determine a consultant’s hourly rate.

First you start with your current salary. If you divide that by 2000, which is the number of hours you work in a typical year, sans the 80 hours of vacation that you take each year. Also, 2000 is easier to use in division than 2080, so learn to deal with approximations and get on with consulting.

Now that you have a starting hourly rate, let’s talk about costs. First there are taxes for everyone. No matter what country you call home, you have to pay taxes. Remember that the figure you already computed is a pre-tax dollar amount, so don’t start adding in taxes to that rate. What you do need to incorporate is the employer side of your tax contribution. In the USA, we have a “social” tax of about 15%, which is split between the employee and employer. To this end, you would multiply your hourly rate by 1.075 to get your first adjusted rate.

Everyone gets medical insurance, right? That’s probably not true, so you better account for some medical insurance. You are your own product, so in the wise words of my friend Jerry B., “buy as much insurance as you can afford.” For a man, estimate your monthly medical insurance to be $150, which comes out to be about $0.80 per hour. This premium will increase along with your age, so round up your figure to $1 per hour. Now to recap:

HOURLY RATE = SALARY / 2000 * 1.075 + 1

You should always incorporate your business as a Subchapter-S Corporation. That way all of your income to the business will pass through to you at the end of the year and you don’t have to worry about double taxation on dividends. To incorporate, you can either get your best lawyer friend to setup shop for you, or visithttp://www.corporate.com/ or http://www.mycorporation.com/. The price of incorporation should be less than $1,000, unless you have a lawyer do it for $3,000. Let’s say $1,000 is the price for incorporation, so that increases the hourly rate by $0.50.

Corporations have employees, and you are no exception. To that end, you need to setup a payroll service so that you don’t have to hassle with making quarterly tax payments to the government. I recommend a company named Paychex. They have very good pricing for the smaller professional services companies, like us consultants. With a payroll service, you pay for each issued check, or deposit, on a monthly basis. For a one-person shop doing direct deposit, you can expect to pay about $100 per month, or $1200 per year. That extra cost adds about $0.60 to your hourly rate. It’s time for another recap:

HOURLY RATE = SALARY / 2000 * 1.075 + 1 + 0.50 + 0.60
HOURLY RATE = SALARY / 2000 * 1.075 + 2.10

If you are setting up shop in the wonderful world of California, then you will have to pay $800 to the Franchise Tax Board every year. This is the cost of being a corporation in California. That $800 will boost your hourly rate another $0.40. Other states and countries will charge you even more money, especially if you are living in a socialist country. Just in case you were wondering, California doesn’t care if you are incorporated in Delaware, Nevada, or Timbuktu, as it will always charge you $800 to play in the California Economy. This $800 is a small amount of money to spend to get into one of the world’s largest economies.

Let’s talk about the benefits that you enjoy at your current employer’s behalf. There is vacation time, which is likely 80 or 160 hours per year. This is a small fraction of the total work time you spend, so it will not contribute no more than 10% of your bottom line. To that end, just multiply your hourly rate by 1.10 to get your vacation adjusted rate. Here is another recap:

HOURLY RATE = (SALARY / 2000 * 1.075 + 2.50) * 1.10

If you wanted to spend 25% of your time on vacation, or more, then your adjustment would be 1.25, or 1.35 for 35%, etc. This vacation adjustment is also a way to adjust for down-time. Don’t expect to work 2000 hours each year, unless you really want to wear yourself out. A down-time rate of 25% is typical in this business, so you should use an adjustment factor of 1.25.

HOURLY RATE = (SALARY / 2000 * 1.075 + 2.50) * 1.25

What other benefits do you have at your employer? How about a fitness club membership? That’s about $32 per month as an individual, or about $0.19 per hour. There are lots of other perks from your current employer, you just need to enumerate them on a yearly basis, and divide that amount by 2000 to get your rate adjustment.

HOURLY RATE = (SALARY/2000 * 1.075 + 2.50 + PERKS/2000) * 1.25

At this point, if you were at a job that pays $65,000 per year and included the fitness club and Starbucks Coffee each day, then your hourly rate should start at $47.85. That would give you the equivalent amount of purchasing power as your $65,000 per year job; give you three months of down-time reserve, and annual revenues of about $72,000.

What about your dream job? You’ve always wanted to be a big shot, raking in a bill or two per hour, right? So let’s see what happens when you want to make $112,000 per year. Your hourly rate would go to $80 and your revenues would be $119,141.

So what’s the big draw of making a high hourly rate? I’ve known consultants who charged as much as $1000 per hour for their time, and others as low as $4 per hour. Is there an optimal hourly rate that makes you comfortable? That’s ultimately up to you and how wisely you can manage your money. I’ve compiled a simple table of target salaries and their respective monthly cash money in the USA. How well you manage and spend money through your corporation will determine how much liquid cash you have each month.

Salary: $50,000
Rate: $37.77
Monthly Cash: $3,068.91

Salary: $75,000
Rate: $54.57
Monthly Cash: $3,887.98

Salary: $100,000
Rate: $71.37
Monthly Cash: $4,638.73

Salary: $120,000
Rate: $84.80
Monthly Cash: $5,512.16

Salary: $150,000
Rate: $104.96
Monthly Cash: $6,822.32

Salary: $200,000
Rate: $138.55
Monthly Cash: $8,139.96

November 13, 2008 Posted by ebeworld | Consulting | | No Comments Yet